En la tabla siguiente, se muestran el número de participantes y los instrumentos disponibles en cada ola:
Participantes
| C11 2011-2012 | C11 2014-2015 | C11 2018 | C19 2019-2020 | C19 Subest. COVID 2020 | C11 2021 | C19 2021 | |
| Cohorte 2011 (C11) | 4.753 Línea Base | 2.528 2ª Ola | 1.576 3ª Ola | 1.576 3ª Ola | – | 4ª Ola | 4ª Ola |
| Cohorte 2019 (C19) | – | – | 3.000 Línea Base | 3.000 Línea Base | 1.185 Subest. COVID | 2ª Ola | 2ª Ola |
Instrumentos
| Instrumento | C11 2011-2012 | C11 2014-2015 | C11 2018 | C19 2019-2020 | C19 Subest. COVID 2020 | C11 2021 | C19 2021 |
| Composición del hogar | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Características sociodemográficas | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Cuestionario de reserva cognitiva (Rami et al., 2011) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| El «Mini-examen cognocitivo» (Lobo et al., 1979) | X | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Historia laboral y prestaciones | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Evaluación de discapacidad (WHO-DAS II), 12 items (Luciano et al., 2010) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Actividades de la vida diaria y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Evaluación multidimensional del estado de salud (Salomon et al., 2003) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Presión sanguínea | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Velocidad al caminar | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Recuerdo inmediato y retardado. Consorcio para establecer un registro de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (Morris et al., 1989) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Pruebas de rango de dígitos hacia adelante y hacia atrás de la escala de inteligencia de adultos de Wechsler (2008) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Fluidez verbal. Técnica de denominación de animales (Rosen et al., 1980) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Consumo de tabaco y alcohol | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Evaluación dieta mediterránea (MEDAS) (Martínez-González et al., 2012) | X | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Mini evaluación nutricional (Kaiser et al., 2009) | X | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Cuestionario global de actividad física (GPAQ) versión 2 (Armstrong y Bull, 2006) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Presencia de condiciones crónicas | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Incontinencia urinaria (Espuña et al., 2004) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Depresión 12 meses CIDI (Kessler & Üstun, 2004) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Depresión en el curso de la vida CIDI (Kessler & Üstun, 2004) | X | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada CIDI (Kessler & Üstun, 2004) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Trastorno de pánico CIDI (Kessler & Üstun, 2004) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Suicidio CIDI (Kessler & Üstun, 2004) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Agorafobia CIDI (Kessler & Üstun, 2004) | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X | ✔ |
| Experiencias amenazantes (Brugha & Cragg, 1990) | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X | ✔ |
| Uso de servicios médicos | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck, escalas N, E y S (Sandín et al., 2002) | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X | ✔ |
| Eventos vitales estresantes (Brugha y Cragg, 1990) | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X | ✔ |
| Participación social. Basado en la escala de aislamiento social (Shankar et al., 2011) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Escala de soporte social OSLO (OSS-3) (Dalgard et al., 2006) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Escala de soledad UCLA (Hughes et al., 2004) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Sospecha de abuso de personas mayores (Pérez Rojo et al., 2008) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Carga del cuidador (Zarit, 1980) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Hogares en privación material (INE, 2019) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Estatus Socioeconómico Subjetivo (Präg et al., 2016) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Calidad de vida (WHOQOL-AGE) (Caballero et al., 2013) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Escala de bienestar percibido (Cantril, 1965) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Estrés | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Reconstrucción de la vida diaria (Kahneman, 2004) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Índice de calidad del sueño (6 ítems) (Macías & Royuela, 1996) | X | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ |
| Bienestar subjetivo (Diener et al., 2009) | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Breve escala de resiliencia (Rodríguez-Rey et al., 2016) | X | X | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ |
| Cuestionario autorreportado de ambiente construido (CBE-SR) | ✔ | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Evaluación del entrevistador | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
| Cuestionario subestudio COVID | |||||||
| Preguntas sobre infección por COVID | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Relaciones sociales durante el confinamiento | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Depresión 30 días | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Ansiedad 30 días | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Ataques de pánico | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Ideación suicida | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Salud mental y bienestar | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Estilos de vida | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Aspectos económicos | X | X | X | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Cuestionario proxy | |||||||
| Cuestionario para informantes sobre deterioro cognitivo en ancianos (IQCODE-Short Form) (Jorm et al., 1994) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | ✔ | ✔ |
Referencias
Armstrong, T., & Bull, F. (2006). Development of the world health organization global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Journal of Public Health, 14(2), 66-70.
Brugha, T. S., & Cragg, D. (1990). The list of threatening experiences: the reliability and validity of a brief life events questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 82(1), 77-81.
Caballero, F. F., Miret, M., Power, M., Chatterji, S., Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Koskinen, S., … & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. (2013). Validation of an instrument to evaluate quality of life in the aging population: WHOQOL-AGE. Health and quality of life outcomes, 11(1), 177.
Cantril, H. (1965). The pattern of human concern. New Brunswick: Rutgers University.
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., et al. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143–156.
Espuña Pons, M., Rebollo Álvarez, P., & Puig Clota, M. (2004). Validación de la versión española del International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Un cuestionario para evaluar la incontinencia urinaria. Medicina clinica, 122(8), 288-292.
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on aging, 26(6), 655-672.
Insituto Nacional de estadística (2019). Riesgo de pobreza y/o exclusión social (estrategia Europa 2020). Indicador AROPE
Jorm, A. F. (1994). A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychological medicine, 24(1), 145-153.
Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science, 306(5702), 1776-1780.
Kaiser, M. J., Bauer, J. M., Ramsch, C., Uter, W., Guigoz, Y., Cederholm, T., … & Tsai, A. C. (2009). Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA®-SF): A practical tool for identification of nutritional status. JNHA-The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 13(9), 782.
Kessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004). The world mental health (WMH) survey initiative version of the world health organization (WHO) composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI). International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 13(2), 93-121.
Kocalevent, R. D., Berg, L., Beutel, M. E., Hinz, A., Zenger, M., Härter, M., … & Brähler, E. (2018). Social support in the general population: standardization of the Oslo social support scale (OSSS-3). BMC psychology, 6(1), 31.
Lobo, A., Gómez, A., & Folstein, M. F. (1979). El» Mini-examen cognocitivo» en pacientes geriártricos. Folia neuropsiquiátrica: Revista de psicología, psiquiatría y ciencias afines, 14(1), 245-251.
Luciano, J. V., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Aguado, J., Fernandez, A., Serrano-Blanco, A., Roca, M., & Haro, J. M. (2010). The 12-item world health organization disability assessment schedule II (WHO-DAS II): a nonparametric item response analysis. BMC medical research methodology, 10(1), 45.
Macías, J. A., & Royuela, A. (1996). The Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Infor Psiquiatr, 146(465), 472.
Martínez-González, M. A., García-Arellano, A., Toledo, E., Salas-Salvado, J., Buil-Cosiales, P., Corella, D., … & Fiol, M. (2012). A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PloS one, 7(8), e43134.
Morris, J. C., Mohs, R. C., & Rogers, H. (1989). Consortium To Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Clinical and Neuropsychological. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 24(3-4), 641.
Pérez-Rojo, G., Castiello, M. T. S., & Jaquotot, M. T. A. (2008). Aportación española a los avances internacionales en la adaptación lingüística y cultural de un instrumento de detección de sospecha de maltrato hacia personas mayores. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 43(3), 180-188.
Präg, P., Mills, M. C., & Wittek, R. (2016). Subjective socioeconomic status and health in cross-national comparison. Social Science & Medicine, 149, 84-92.
Rami, L., Valls-Pedret, C., Bartrés-Faz, D., Caprile, C., Solé-Padullés, C., Castellví, M., … & Molinuevo, J. (2011). Cuestionario de reserva cognitiva. Valores obtenidos en población anciana sana y con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Revista de Neurología, 52(4), 195-201.
Rodríguez-Rey, R., Alonso-Tapia, J., & Hernansaiz-Garrido, H. (2016). Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish Version. Psychological assessment, 28(5), e101.
Rosen, W. G. (1980). Verbal fluency in aging and dementia. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 2(2), 135-146.
Salomon, J. A., Mathers, C. D., Chatterji, S., Sadana, R., Ustun, T. B., & Murray, C. J. (2003). Quantifying individual levels of health: definitions, concepts and measurement issues. Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debate, Methods, and Empiricism, 301-18.
Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., Montes, M. O., Chorot, P., & Germán, M. A. S. (2002). Versión española del cuestionario EPQR-Abreviado (EPQR-A)(II): Replicación factorial, fiabilidad y validez. Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica, 7(3), 207-216.
Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Banks, J., & Steptoe, A. (2011). Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults. Health Psychology, 30(4), 377.
Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler adult intelligence scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV). San Antonio, TX: NCS Pearson, 22(498), 1.
Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. The gerontologist, 20(6), 649-655.
