What we evaluate

The following table shows the number of participants and the tools available in each wave:

Participants

C11
Baseline
2011-2012
C11
2nd. wave
2014-2015
C11
3rd. wave
2018
C19
Baseline
2019-2021
C19
Substudy
COVID 2020
C11
4th. wave
2022
C19
2nd. wave
2022
Cohort 2011 (C11)4.7532.5281.577963
Cohort 2019 (C19)3.0021.166

Tools

ToolsC11
Baseline
2011-2012
C11
2nd. wave
2014-2015
C11
3rd. wave
2018
C19
Baseline
2019-2021
C19
Substudy
COVID 2020
C11
4th. wave
2022
C19
2nd. wave
2022
Household compositionX
Sociodemographic featuresX
Cognitive reserve questionnaire (Rami et al., 2011)XXX
Mini Mental State Examination (Lobo et al., 1979)XX
Work history and benefitsX
The employment precariousness scale (Padrosa, 2021)XXXXXX
Disability assessment (WHO-DAS II), 12 items (Luciano et al., 2010)
Basic and instrumental activities of daily livingX
Multidimensional assessment of health condition (Salomon et al., 2003)X
Blood pressureXX
Weight and heightX
Waist circumferenceXX
Walking speedX
Vision (near and distance)XXXX
Grip strengthX
Immediate and delayed recall. Consortium to establish an Alzheimer’s disease registry (Morris et al., 1989)X
Forward and backward digit span tests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (2008)X
Verbal fluency. Animal naming technique (Rosen et al., 1980)X
Trail Making Test (Bowie & Harvey, 2006)XXXXXX
Tobacco and alcohol consumptionX
Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) (Martínez-González et al., 2012)XX
Short screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption (sQ-HPF) (Martínez-Pérez et al., 2022)XXXXXX
Mini-nutritional assessment (Kaiser et al., 2009)XXX
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2 (Armstrong and Bull, 2006)X
Chronic conditions (e.g. diabetes, stroke, asthma, hypertension, etc.),XX
Angina (Rose, 1962)XX
InjuriesXXXXXX
Urinary incontinence (Espuña et al., 2004)XXXX
Depression (Kessler & Üstun, 2004)
Generalized anxiety (Kessler & Üstun, 2004)X
Panic disorder or attack (Kessler & Üstun, 2004)
Suicide (Kessler & Üstun, 2004)
Agoraphobia (Kessler & Üstun, 2004)XXXXX
The List of Threatening Experiences (Brugha & Cragg, 1990)XXXXXX
Health care utilization and health system coverageXX
Eysenck personality questionnaire, N, E and S scales (Sandín et al., 2002)XXXXXX
Social networks (Zawisza et al., 2014), social trust and safetyXX
Social participation. Based on the social isolation scale (Shankar et al., 2011)XXX
OSLO Social Support Scale (OSS-3) (Kocalevent et al., 2018)
UCLA Loneliness Scale, 3 items (Hughes et al., 2004)
The multidimensional scale of perceived social support (Zimet, 1990)XXXXXX
Suspicion of abuse of the elderly (Pérez-Rojo et al., 2008)XXXX
Caregiver’s burden (Zarit, 1980)XXXX
Households in material deprivation (INE, 2021)XXX
Subjective Socioeconomic Status (Präg et al., 2016)XXX
Quality of life (WHOQOL-AGE) (Caballero et al., 2013)XX
Perceived well-being scale (Cantril, 1965)
StressXX
Reconstruction of daily life (Kahneman, 2004)X
Sleep quality (Royuela & Macías, 1997)XXXX
Subjective well-being (Diener et al., 2009)XXX
Brief resilience scale (Rodríguez-Rey et al., 2016)XXXX
Built Environment Self-Reported Questionnaire (Raggi et al., 2014)XXXXXX
Time in green spaces and built environmentXXXXXX
Economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemicXXXXX
MortalityXXX
Interviewer evaluationX
COVID sub-study questionnaire
Questions about COVID infectionXXXXXX
Social relationships during confinementXXXXXX
PainXXXXXX
Self-reported weightXXXXXX
Screen useXXXXXX
Economic aspects and unemploymentXXXXXX
Proxy questionnaire
Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly (IQCODE-Short Form) (Jorm et al., 1994)X


References

Armstrong, T., & Bull, F. (2006). Development of the world health organization global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Journal of Public Health14(2), 66-70.

Bowie, C. R., & Harvey, P. D. (2006). Administration and interpretation of the Trail Making Test. Nature protocols1(5), 2277-2281.

Brugha, T. S., & Cragg, D. (1990). The list of threatening experiences: the reliability and validity of a brief life events questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica82(1), 77-81.

Caballero, F. F., Miret, M., Power, M., Chatterji, S., Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Koskinen, S., … & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. (2013). Validation of an instrument to evaluate quality of life in the aging population: WHOQOL-AGE. Health and quality of life outcomes11(1), 177.

Cantril, H. (1965). The pattern of human concern. New Brunswick: Rutgers University.

Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., et al. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143–156.

Espuña Pons, M., Rebollo Álvarez, P., & Puig Clota, M. (2004). Validación de la versión española del International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Un cuestionario para evaluar la incontinencia urinaria. Medicina clinica122(8), 288-292.

Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on aging26(6), 655-672.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE, 2021). “Riesgo de pobreza y/o exclusión social.
Estrategia Europa 2020. Indicador AROPE”. Available at: https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=es_ES&c=INESeccion_C&cid=1259941637944&p=1254735110672&pagename=ProductosYServicios/PYSLayout

Jorm, A. F. (1994). A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychological medicine24(1), 145-153.

Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science306(5702), 1776-1780.

Kaiser, M. J., Bauer, J. M., Ramsch, C., Uter, W., Guigoz, Y., Cederholm, T., … & Tsai, A. C. (2009). Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA®-SF): A practical tool for identification of nutritional status. JNHA-The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging13(9), 782.

Kessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004). The world mental health (WMH) survey initiative version of the world health organization (WHO) composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI). International journal of methods in psychiatric research13(2), 93-121.

Kocalevent, R. D., Berg, L., Beutel, M. E., Hinz, A., Zenger, M., Härter, M., … & Brähler, E. (2018). Social support in the general population: standardization of the Oslo social support scale (OSSS-3). BMC psychology6(1), 31.

Lobo, A., Gómez, A., & Folstein, M. F. (1979). El” Mini-examen cognocitivo” en pacientes geriártricos. Folia neuropsiquiátrica: Revista de psicología, psiquiatría y ciencias afines14(1), 245-251.

Luciano, J. V., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Aguado, J., Fernandez, A., Serrano-Blanco, A., Roca, M., & Haro, J. M. (2010). The 12-item world health organization disability assessment schedule II (WHO-DAS II): a nonparametric item response analysis. BMC medical research methodology10(1), 45.

Martínez-González, M. A., García-Arellano, A., Toledo, E., Salas-Salvado, J., Buil-Cosiales, P., Corella, D., … & Fiol, M. (2012). A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PloS one7(8), e43134.

Martinez-Perez, C., Daimiel, L., Climent-Mainar, C., Martínez-González, M. Á., Salas-Salvadó, J., Corella, D., … & San-Cristobal, R. (2022). Integrative development of a short screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption (sQ-HPF). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity19(1), 1-16.

Morris, J. C., Mohs, R. C., & Rogers, H. (1989). Consortium To Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Clinical and Neuropsychological. Psychopharmacology bulletin24(3-4), 641.

Padrosa, E., Belvis, F., Benach, J., & Julià, M. (2021). Measuring precarious employment in the European Working Conditions Survey: psychometric properties and construct validity in Spain. Quality & quantity55(2), 543-562.

Pérez-Rojo, G., Castiello, M. T. S., & Jaquotot, M. T. A. (2008). Aportación española a los avances internacionales en la adaptación lingüística y cultural de un instrumento de detección de sospecha de maltrato hacia personas mayores. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología43(3), 180-188.

Präg, P., Mills, M. C., & Wittek, R. (2016). Subjective socioeconomic status and health in cross-national comparison. Social Science & Medicine149, 84-92.

Raggi, A., Quintas, R., Bucciarelli, P., Franco, M. G., Andreotti, A., Miret, M., … & Leonardi, M. (2014). Validation of the COURAGE Built Environment Self‐Reported Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy21(3), 215-226.

Rami, L., Valls-Pedret, C., Bartrés-Faz, D., Caprile, C., Solé-Padullés, C., Castellví, M., … & Molinuevo, J. (2011). Cuestionario de reserva cognitiva. Valores obtenidos en población anciana sana y con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Revista de Neurología52(4), 195-201.

Rodríguez-Rey, R., Alonso-Tapia, J., & Hernansaiz-Garrido, H. (2016). Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish Version. Psychological assessment28(5), e101.

Rosen, W. G. (1980). Verbal fluency in aging and dementia. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology2(2), 135-146.

Royuela, A. & Macías, J.A. (1997). Propiedades clinimétricas de la versión castellana. Vigilia-sueño9(2), 81-94.

Salomon, J. A., Mathers, C. D., Chatterji, S., Sadana, R., Ustun, T. B., & Murray, C. J. (2003). Quantifying individual levels of health: definitions, concepts and measurement issues. Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debate, Methods, and Empiricism, 301-18.

Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., Montes, M. O., Chorot, P., & Germán, M. A. S. (2002). Versión española del cuestionario EPQR-Abreviado (EPQR-A)(II): Replicación factorial, fiabilidad y validez. Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica7(3), 207-216.

Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Banks, J., & Steptoe, A. (2011). Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults. Health Psychology30(4), 377.

Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler adult intelligence scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV). San Antonio, TX: NCS Pearson22(498), 1.

Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. The gerontologist20(6), 649-655.

Zawisza, K., Galas, A., Tobiasz‐Adamczyk, B., Chatterji, S., Haro, J. M., Miret, M., … & Leonardi, M. (2014). The validity of the instrument to evaluate social network in the ageing population: the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe Social Network Index. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy21(3), 227-241.

Zimet, G. D., Powell, S. S., Farley, G. K., Werkman, S., & Berkoff, K. A. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of personality assessment55(3-4), 610-617.